Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	18
Number of observations	12330
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	125
Duplicate rows (%)	1.0%
Total size in memory	1.5 MiB
Average record size in memory	130.0 B

Variable types

NUM	14
CAT	2
BOOL	2

Reproduction

Analysis started	2020-08-29 15:55:37.180463
Analysis finished	2020-08-29 15:56:13.960151
Duration	36.78 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v2.9.0rc1
Download configuration	config.yaml

Warnings

Dataset has 125 (1.0%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`ExitRates` is highly correlated with `BounceRates`	High correlation
`BounceRates` is highly correlated with `ExitRates`	High correlation
`Administrative` has 5768 (46.8%) zeros	Zeros
`Administrative_Duration` has 5903 (47.9%) zeros	Zeros
`Informational` has 9699 (78.7%) zeros	Zeros
`Informational_Duration` has 9925 (80.5%) zeros	Zeros
`ProductRelated_Duration` has 755 (6.1%) zeros	Zeros
`BounceRates` has 5518 (44.8%) zeros	Zeros
`PageValues` has 9600 (77.9%) zeros	Zeros
`SpecialDay` has 11079 (89.9%) zeros	Zeros

Administrative
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	27
Unique (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.31517
Minimum	0
Maximum	27
Zeros	5768
Zeros (%)	46.8%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	1
Q3	4
95-th percentile	9
Maximum	27
Range	27
Interquartile range (IQR)	4

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	3.32178
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.43479
Kurtosis	4.70115
Mean	2.31517
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	1.96036
Sum	28546
Variance	11.0342
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=27)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5768	46.8%
1	1354	11.0%
2	1114	9.0%
3	915	7.4%
4	765	6.2%
5	575	4.7%
6	432	3.5%
7	338	2.7%
8	287	2.3%
9	225	1.8%
Other values (17)	557	4.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5768	46.8%
1	1354	11.0%
2	1114	9.0%
3	915	7.4%
4	765	6.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27	1	< 0.1%
26	1	< 0.1%
24	4	< 0.1%
23	3	< 0.1%
22	4	< 0.1%

Administrative_Duration
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	3335
Unique (%)	27.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	80.8186
Minimum	0
Maximum	3398.75
Zeros	5903
Zeros (%)	47.9%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	7.5
Q3	93.2562
95-th percentile	348.266
Maximum	3398.75
Range	3398.75
Interquartile range (IQR)	93.2562

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	176.779
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.18736
Kurtosis	50.5567
Mean	80.8186
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7.5
Skewness	5.61572
Sum	996493
Variance	31250.9
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5903	47.9%
4	56	0.5%
5	53	0.4%
7	45	0.4%
11	42	0.3%
6	41	0.3%
14	37	0.3%
9	35	0.3%
15	33	0.3%
10	32	0.3%
Other values (3325)	6053	49.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5903	47.9%
1.33333	1	< 0.1%
2	15	0.1%
3	26	0.2%
3.5	4	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3398.75	1	< 0.1%
2720.5	1	< 0.1%
2657.32	1	< 0.1%
2629.25	1	< 0.1%
2407.42	1	< 0.1%

Informational
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	17
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.503569
Minimum	0
Maximum	24
Zeros	9699
Zeros (%)	78.7%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	3
Maximum	24
Range	24
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.27016
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.52231
Kurtosis	26.9323
Mean	0.503569
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	4.03646
Sum	6209
Variance	1.6133
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=17)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9699	78.7%
1	1041	8.4%
2	728	5.9%
3	380	3.1%
4	222	1.8%
5	99	0.8%
6	78	0.6%
7	36	0.3%
9	15	0.1%
8	14	0.1%
Other values (7)	18	0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9699	78.7%
1	1041	8.4%
2	728	5.9%
3	380	3.1%
4	222	1.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
24	1	< 0.1%
16	1	< 0.1%
14	2	< 0.1%
13	1	< 0.1%
12	5	< 0.1%

Informational_Duration
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	1258
Unique (%)	10.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	34.4724
Minimum	0
Maximum	2549.38
Zeros	9925
Zeros (%)	80.5%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	195
Maximum	2549.38
Range	2549.38
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	140.749
Coefficient of variation (CV)	4.08296
Kurtosis	76.3169
Mean	34.4724
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	7.57918
Sum	425045
Variance	19810.4
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9925	80.5%
9	33	0.3%
6	26	0.2%
10	26	0.2%
7	26	0.2%
13	23	0.2%
12	23	0.2%
8	22	0.2%
16	22	0.2%
11	21	0.2%
Other values (1248)	2183	17.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9925	80.5%
1	3	< 0.1%
1.5	1	< 0.1%
2	11	0.1%
2.5	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2549.38	1	< 0.1%
2256.92	1	< 0.1%
2252.03	1	< 0.1%
2195.3	1	< 0.1%
2166.5	1	< 0.1%

ProductRelated
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	311
Unique (%)	2.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	31.7315
Minimum	0
Maximum	705
Zeros	38
Zeros (%)	0.3%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	1
Q1	7
median	18
Q3	38
95-th percentile	109
Maximum	705
Range	705
Interquartile range (IQR)	31

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	44.4755
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.40162
Kurtosis	31.2117
Mean	31.7315
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13
Skewness	4.34152
Sum	391249
Variance	1978.07
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	622	5.0%
2	465	3.8%
3	458	3.7%
4	404	3.3%
6	396	3.2%
7	391	3.2%
5	382	3.1%
8	370	3.0%
10	330	2.7%
9	317	2.6%
Other values (301)	8195	66.5%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	38	0.3%
1	622	5.0%
2	465	3.8%
3	458	3.7%
4	404	3.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
705	1	< 0.1%
686	1	< 0.1%
584	1	< 0.1%
534	1	< 0.1%
518	1	< 0.1%

ProductRelated_Duration
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	9551
Unique (%)	77.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	1194.75
Minimum	0
Maximum	63973.5
Zeros	755
Zeros (%)	6.1%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	184.137
median	598.937
Q3	1464.16
95-th percentile	4300.29
Maximum	63973.5
Range	63973.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	1280.02

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1913.67
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.60174
Kurtosis	137.174
Mean	1194.75
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	500.937
Skewness	7.26323
Sum	1.47312e+07
Variance	3.66213e+06
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	755	6.1%
17	21	0.2%
8	17	0.1%
11	17	0.1%
15	16	0.1%
19	15	0.1%
22	15	0.1%
12	15	0.1%
7	14	0.1%
13	14	0.1%
Other values (9541)	11431	92.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	755	6.1%
0.5	1	< 0.1%
1	2	< 0.1%
2.33333	1	< 0.1%
2.66667	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
63973.5	1	< 0.1%
43171.2	1	< 0.1%
29970.5	1	< 0.1%
27009.9	1	< 0.1%
24844.2	1	< 0.1%

BounceRates
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct count	1872
Unique (%)	15.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.0221914
Minimum	0
Maximum	0.2
Zeros	5518
Zeros (%)	44.8%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0.00311247
Q3	0.0168126
95-th percentile	0.2
Maximum	0.2
Range	0.2
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0168126

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0484883
Coefficient of variation (CV)	2.18501
Kurtosis	7.72316
Mean	0.0221914
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.00311247
Skewness	2.94786
Sum	273.62
Variance	0.00235112
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5518	44.8%
0.2	700	5.7%
0.0666667	134	1.1%
0.0285714	115	0.9%
0.05	113	0.9%
0.0333333	101	0.8%
0.025	100	0.8%
0.0166667	99	0.8%
0.1	98	0.8%
0.04	96	0.8%
Other values (1862)	5256	42.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	5518	44.8%
2.73e-05	1	< 0.1%
3.35e-05	1	< 0.1%
3.83e-05	1	< 0.1%
3.94e-05	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2	700	5.7%
0.183333	1	< 0.1%
0.18	5	< 0.1%
0.176923	1	< 0.1%
0.175	1	< 0.1%

ExitRates
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct count	4777
Unique (%)	38.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.0430728
Minimum	0
Maximum	0.2
Zeros	76
Zeros (%)	0.6%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0.00456757
Q1	0.0142857
median	0.0251564
Q3	0.05
95-th percentile	0.2
Maximum	0.2
Range	0.2
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.0357143

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.0485965
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.12824
Kurtosis	4.01703
Mean	0.0430728
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.0141726
Skewness	2.14879
Sum	531.088
Variance	0.00236162
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2	710	5.8%
0.1	338	2.7%
0.05	329	2.7%
0.0333333	291	2.4%
0.0666667	267	2.2%
0.025	224	1.8%
0.04	214	1.7%
0.0166667	181	1.5%
0.02	167	1.4%
0.0222222	152	1.2%
Other values (4767)	9457	76.7%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	76	0.6%
0.000175593	1	< 0.1%
0.000250438	1	< 0.1%
0.000262123	1	< 0.1%
0.000263158	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2	710	5.8%
0.192308	1	< 0.1%
0.188889	2	< 0.1%
0.186667	4	< 0.1%
0.183333	2	< 0.1%

PageValues
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	2704
Unique (%)	21.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	5.88926
Minimum	0
Maximum	361.764
Zeros	9600
Zeros (%)	77.9%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	38.1605
Maximum	361.764
Range	361.764
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	18.5684
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.15293
Kurtosis	65.6357
Mean	5.88926
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	6.38296
Sum	72614.5
Variance	344.787
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9600	77.9%
53.988	6	< 0.1%
42.2931	3	< 0.1%
40.2782	2	< 0.1%
12.5589	2	< 0.1%
44.8935	2	< 0.1%
58.9242	2	< 0.1%
16.1586	2	< 0.1%
10.999	2	< 0.1%
21.2113	2	< 0.1%
Other values (2694)	2707	22.0%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9600	77.9%
0.0380345	1	< 0.1%
0.0670495	1	< 0.1%
0.0935469	1	< 0.1%
0.0986214	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
361.764	1	< 0.1%
360.953	1	< 0.1%
287.954	1	< 0.1%
270.785	1	< 0.1%
261.491	1	< 0.1%

SpecialDay
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

ZEROS

Distinct count	6
Unique (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	0.0614274
Minimum	0
Maximum	1
Zeros	11079
Zeros (%)	89.9%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	0
95-th percentile	0.6
Maximum	1
Range	1
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.198917
Coefficient of variation (CV)	3.23825
Kurtosis	9.91366
Mean	0.0614274
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	3.30267
Sum	757.4
Variance	0.0395681
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=6)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11079	89.9%
0.6	351	2.8%
0.8	325	2.6%
0.4	243	2.0%
0.2	178	1.4%
1	154	1.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11079	89.9%
0.2	178	1.4%
0.4	243	2.0%
0.6	351	2.8%
0.8	325	2.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	154	1.2%
0.8	325	2.6%
0.6	351	2.8%
0.4	243	2.0%
0.2	178	1.4%

Month
Categorical

Distinct count	10
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

May	3364
Nov	2998
Mar	1907
Dec	1727
Oct	549
Other values (5)	1785

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
May	3364	27.3%
Nov	2998	24.3%
Mar	1907	15.5%
Dec	1727	14.0%
Oct	549	4.5%
Sep	448	3.6%
Aug	433	3.5%
Jul	432	3.5%
June	288	2.3%
Feb	184	1.5%

Length

Max length	4
Median length	3
Mean length	3.02336
Min length	3

OperatingSystems
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	8
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.12401
Minimum	1
Maximum	8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	2
Q3	3
95-th percentile	3
Maximum	8
Range	7
Interquartile range (IQR)	1

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.911325
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.429059
Kurtosis	10.4568
Mean	2.12401
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	2.06629
Sum	26189
Variance	0.830513
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=8)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	6601	53.5%
1	2585	21.0%
3	2555	20.7%
4	478	3.9%
8	79	0.6%
6	19	0.2%
7	7	0.1%
5	6	< 0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2585	21.0%
2	6601	53.5%
3	2555	20.7%
4	478	3.9%
5	6	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8	79	0.6%
7	7	0.1%
6	19	0.2%
5	6	< 0.1%
4	478	3.9%

Browser
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	13
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	2.3571
Minimum	1
Maximum	13
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	2
Q3	2
95-th percentile	5
Maximum	13
Range	12
Interquartile range (IQR)	0

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.71728
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.728556
Kurtosis	12.7467
Mean	2.3571
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	3.24235
Sum	29063
Variance	2.94904
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=13)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	7961	64.6%
1	2462	20.0%
4	736	6.0%
5	467	3.8%
6	174	1.4%
10	163	1.3%
8	135	1.1%
3	105	0.9%
13	61	0.5%
7	49	0.4%
Other values (3)	17	0.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2462	20.0%
2	7961	64.6%
3	105	0.9%
4	736	6.0%
5	467	3.8%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13	61	0.5%
12	10	0.1%
11	6	< 0.1%
10	163	1.3%
9	1	< 0.1%

Region
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	9
Unique (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	3.14736
Minimum	1
Maximum	9
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	1
median	3
Q3	4
95-th percentile	8
Maximum	9
Range	8
Interquartile range (IQR)	3

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.40159
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.763048
Kurtosis	-0.14868
Mean	3.14736
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2
Skewness	0.983549
Sum	38807
Variance	5.76764
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=9)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	4780	38.8%
3	2403	19.5%
4	1182	9.6%
2	1136	9.2%
6	805	6.5%
7	761	6.2%
9	511	4.1%
8	434	3.5%
5	318	2.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	4780	38.8%
2	1136	9.2%
3	2403	19.5%
4	1182	9.6%
5	318	2.6%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
9	511	4.1%
8	434	3.5%
7	761	6.2%
6	805	6.5%
5	318	2.6%

TrafficType
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct count	20
Unique (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%

Mean	4.06959
Minimum	1
Maximum	20
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1
5-th percentile	1
Q1	2
median	2
Q3	4
95-th percentile	13
Maximum	20
Range	19
Interquartile range (IQR)	2

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.02517
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.989086
Kurtosis	3.47971
Mean	4.06959
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	1
Skewness	1.96299
Sum	50178
Variance	16.202
Monotocity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=20)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2	3913	31.7%
1	2451	19.9%
3	2052	16.6%
4	1069	8.7%
13	738	6.0%
10	450	3.6%
6	444	3.6%
8	343	2.8%
5	260	2.1%
11	247	2.0%
Other values (10)	363	2.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	2451	19.9%
2	3913	31.7%
3	2052	16.6%
4	1069	8.7%
5	260	2.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
20	198	1.6%
19	17	0.1%
18	10	0.1%
17	1	< 0.1%
16	3	< 0.1%

VisitorType
Categorical

Distinct count	3
Unique (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	96.3 KiB

Returning_Visitor	10551
New_Visitor	1694
Other	85

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Returning_Visitor	10551	85.6%
New_Visitor	1694	13.7%
Other	85	0.7%

Length

Max length	17
Median length	17
Mean length	16.0929
Min length	5

Weekend
Boolean

Distinct count	2
Unique (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.0 KiB

False	9462
True	2868

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	9462	76.7%
True	2868	23.3%

Revenue
Boolean

Distinct count	2
Unique (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	12.0 KiB

False	10422
True	1908

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	10422	84.5%
True	1908	15.5%

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Count
Matrix

First rows

	Administrative	ProductRelated	ProductRelated_Duration	BounceRates	ExitRates	SpecialDay	Month	OperatingSystems	Browser	Region	TrafficType	VisitorType	Weekend	Revenue
0	0	1	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.0	Feb	1	1	1	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False
1	0	2	64.000000	0.000000	0.100000	0.0	Feb	2	2	1	2	Returning_Visitor	False	False
2	0	1	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.0	Feb	4	1	9	3	Returning_Visitor	False	False
3	0	2	2.666667	0.050000	0.140000	0.0	Feb	3	2	2	4	Returning_Visitor	False	False
4	0	10	627.500000	0.020000	0.050000	0.0	Feb	3	3	1	4	Returning_Visitor	True	False
5	0	19	154.216667	0.015789	0.024561	0.0	Feb	2	2	1	3	Returning_Visitor	False	False
6	0	1	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.4	Feb	2	4	3	3	Returning_Visitor	False	False
7	1	0	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.0	Feb	1	2	1	5	Returning_Visitor	True	False
8	0	2	37.000000	0.000000	0.100000	0.8	Feb	2	2	2	3	Returning_Visitor	False	False
9	0	3	738.000000	0.000000	0.022222	0.4	Feb	2	4	1	2	Returning_Visitor	False	False

Last rows

	Administrative	Administrative_Duration	Informational	ProductRelated	ProductRelated_Duration	BounceRates	ExitRates	PageValues	Month	OperatingSystems	Browser	Region	TrafficType	VisitorType	Weekend	Revenue
12320	0	0.00	0	8	143.583333	0.014286	0.050000	0.000000	Nov	2	2	3	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False
12321	0	0.00	0	6	0.000000	0.200000	0.200000	0.000000	Nov	1	8	4	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False
12322	6	76.25	0	22	1075.250000	0.000000	0.004167	0.000000	Dec	2	2	4	2	Returning_Visitor	False	False
12323	2	64.75	0	44	1157.976190	0.000000	0.013953	0.000000	Nov	2	2	1	10	Returning_Visitor	False	False
12324	0	0.00	1	16	503.000000	0.000000	0.037647	0.000000	Nov	2	2	1	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False
12325	3	145.00	0	53	1783.791667	0.007143	0.029031	12.241717	Dec	4	6	1	1	Returning_Visitor	True	False
12326	0	0.00	0	5	465.750000	0.000000	0.021333	0.000000	Nov	3	2	1	8	Returning_Visitor	True	False
12327	0	0.00	0	6	184.250000	0.083333	0.086667	0.000000	Nov	3	2	1	13	Returning_Visitor	True	False
12328	4	75.00	0	15	346.000000	0.000000	0.021053	0.000000	Nov	2	2	3	11	Returning_Visitor	False	False
12329	0	0.00	0	3	21.250000	0.000000	0.066667	0.000000	Nov	3	2	1	2	New_Visitor	True	False

Most frequent

	ProductRelated	BounceRates	ExitRates	Month	OperatingSystems	Browser	Region	TrafficType	VisitorType	Weekend	Revenue	count
26	1	0.2	0.2	Mar	2	2	1	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False	14
36	1	0.2	0.2	Mar	3	2	3	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False	7
44	1	0.2	0.2	May	2	2	1	3	Returning_Visitor	False	False	7
38	1	0.2	0.2	May	1	1	1	3	Returning_Visitor	False	False	6
13	1	0.2	0.2	Dec	8	13	9	20	Other	False	False	5
34	1	0.2	0.2	Mar	3	2	1	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False	4
41	1	0.2	0.2	May	1	1	4	3	Returning_Visitor	False	False	4
60	1	0.2	0.2	Nov	2	2	1	1	Returning_Visitor	False	False	4
0	1	0.2	0.2	Dec	1	1	1	1	Returning_Visitor	True	False	3
3	1	0.2	0.2	Dec	1	1	4	1	Returning_Visitor	True	False	3

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Pearson's r

Spearman's ρ

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Cramér's V (φc)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows

Duplicate rows

Most frequent